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 Ethernet |
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An IEEE 802.3 standard data link
layer which can operate over several different
media including fiber optic, coaxial cable and
twisted-pair cable. This 10 million-bit-per-second
networking scheme is widely used on campus because
it can network a wide variety of computers;
is not proprietary; and components are widely
available from many commercial sources. |
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Gamma Correction |
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The correction of tonal ranges in
an image, normally by the adjustment of tone curves. |
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Gamut |
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The limited range of colours provided
by a specific input device, output device or pigment
set. |
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Gang Scanning |
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Sequential scanning of multiple
originals using the same previously defined exposure
setting for each. |
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Hypermedia |
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Describes hypertext in which various
types of data can be stored - sound, images, video
and so on - as regular text. |
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Hypertext |
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A text-linking strategy that lets
you jump between related information in a document
by clicking on a button or highlighted word. On-line
help systems often use hypertext links, as do
some programs designed for the electronic distribution
of documents. |
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TCP/IP |
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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol. A set of protocols, resulting from ARPA
efforts, used by the Internet to support services
such as remote login (TELNET) file transfer (FTP)
and mail (SMTP). |
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WWW |
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World Wide Web or W3 is the hypermedia
document presentation system that can be accessed
over the Internet using software called a Web
browser. |
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Black hat hacker |
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A black hat hacker is someone who
hacks with malicious intent. |
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Buffer Overflow |
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A buffer overflow happens when more
data is put into a buffer, or a holding area than
the buffer can handle. This is due to a problem
with the processing rates between the buffer and
the device sending the data. When an overflow
occurs it can result in a system crash, or a back
door being created. |
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Cracker |
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A cracker is someone who gains access
to a system to steal or destroy data. The media
have used the word hacker for this type of computer
user since the 80's. If you talk to any lawful
computer enthusiast they may call themselves a
hacker but never a cracker. |
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Cryptography |
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Cryptography is the conversion of
data into a secret code for transmission over
a public network. The data is encrypted via an
encryption algorithm. |
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IP Spoofing |
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IP spoofing is a way of impersonating
another system and using their IP address to attack
a system, therefore having a secret identity to
other systems on a network or the Internet. |
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Logic Bomb |
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Logic Bomb. A computer program that,
when executed will check for a particular condition
or a particular state of the system, before triggering
an act that was not intended. |
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Packet Filtering |
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Packet filtering is one technique,
among many, for implementing security firewalls. |
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Data driven attack |
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A data-driven attack is a form of
data that is encoded in innocuous seeming data
that would be executed by an unknowing user, or
by a process to implement an attack. These types
of attacks are a concern for firewalls as the
data can pass through the firewall and launch
an attack against the system from behind the firewall. |
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Hacker |
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A Hacker was someone who had a keen
interest in computers, someone with the knowledge
of a working computer, software and networks.
It has now come to mean a person who breaks into
computers with the intent to cause havoc and destruction,
thanks to the mass media. |
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White hat hacker |
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A white hat hacker is someone who
has goals that are not criminal in intent. |
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PPP |
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PPP is short for Point to Point
Protocol, a method of connecting a computer to
the Internet. PPP followed on from the SLIP protocol
and is a lot more reliable as it provides error
checking features. |
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Gopher |
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Gopher is a program/protocol that
was developed at the University of Minnesota.
It has unified a lot of Internet services like
FTP, Telnet and WAIS through a point and click
menu driven presentation, similar to the way the
mouse works now. |
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Access Provider |
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The company that provides you with
Internet access and in some cases, an online
account on their computer system. |
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Acoustic Coupler |
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A type of modem which converts digital
signals into sound for transmission through telephone
lines and performs the reverse operation when
receiving such signals. Acoustic couplers generally
have cups for the telephone handset. |
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Active Window |
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The top or front window in a multiple
window environment. |
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A/D Converter |
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A device used to convert analog
data to digital data. Analog data is continuously
variable, while digital data contains discrete
steps. |
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Additive Primaries |
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Red, green, and blue are the primary
colours of light from which all other colours can
be made. |
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Address Resolution |
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Conversion of an IP Address to the
corresponding low-level physical address. |
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Application |
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Software that lets users do relatively
complex tasks, as well as create and modify documents.
Common application types include word processors,
spreadsheets, database managers and presentation
graphics programs. |
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ARA |
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AppleTalk Remote Access. A protocol
(and product) that provides system-level support
for dial-in (modem) connections to an AppleTalk
network. With ARA, you can call your desktop Mac
from a PowerBook and remotely access all the available
services - files, printers, servers, e-mail, etc. |
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Archie |
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An information system offering an
electronic directory service for locating information
in the Internet that is automatically updated.
The best known use of Archie is for scanning a
database of the contents of more than 1000 Anonymous
FTP sites around the world, with more than 2,100,000
file names. |
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ARP |
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Address Resolution Protocol. Used
to dynamically discover the low-level physical
network hardware address, that corresponds to the
high level IP Address for a given host, for instance
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ARP is limited to physical network systems, that
support broadcast packets that can be heard by
all hosts on the network. See also Proxy ARP. |
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ARPANET |
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Advanced Research Projects Agency
NETwork. A pioneering long-haul network funded
by ARPA, an agency of the U.S. Department of
Defence,
responsible for the development of new technology,
for the military. It served as the basis for early
networking research as well as a central backbone
during the development of the Internet. The ARPANET
consisted of individual packet switching computers,
interconnected by leased lines. |
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ASCII |
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American (National) Standard Code
for Information Interchange. A standard character-to-number
encoding widely used in the computer industry. |
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BAT |
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Filename extension for a batch file. |
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Batch Scanning |
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Sequential scanning of multiple
originals using previously defined, unique settings
for each. |
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Binary |
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A numbering system with only two
values: 0 (zero) and 1 (one). |
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Binary File |
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A file that contains more than plain
text i.e. photos, sounds, spreadsheet, etc.
In contrast to an ASCII file which only contains
plain text. |
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Glossary 
